Lesson 14: Basic Sentences

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1.1 what day was it? baʾax kʾiinej
1.2 he is born ku síijil
1.3 she bears [him] ku síijsik
1.4 and (that) you were born ka j síijech
1.5 when was it and (that) you were born baʾax kʾiinej ka j síijech
1 José When were you born? Baʾax kʾiinej ka j síijech. ▲ ▼
Ba'ax k'iinej ka'aj j síijech.
Ba'ax k'ìine ka j síijech.
2.1 when I happened to be born... úuchik in síijileʾ
2.2 the day I was born... u kʾiinil úuchik in síijileʾ
2.3 May the second dos tiʾ u mesil mayo
2.4 nineteen-hundred mil novecientos
2.5 eighteen-hundred mil ocho cientos
2.6 thirty-nine treinta y nueve
2.7 forty cuarenta
2.8 fifty cincuenta
2.9 sixty sesenta
2.10 seventy setenta
2.11 eighty ochenta
2.12 ninety noventa
2 Student I was born May 2, 1939. U kʾiinil úuchik in síijileʾ, dos tiʾ u mesil mayo mil novecientos treinta nueve. ▲ ▼
U k'iinil úuchik in síijile', dos ti' u mesil mayo mil novecientos treinta nueve.
U k'ìinil úuchik in síijile', dòos tí' u mèesil màayoj milnobe syèentos tréinta nwèebej.
3.1 where were you born? tuʾux sijnalech
3.2 [in] what town tuʾux kaajil
3.3 he grows up ku chʾíijil
3.4 he raises [him] ku chʾíijsik
3.5 where did you grow up? tuʾux chʾijnalech
3 José Where were you born? In what town did you grow up? Tuʾux sijnalech. Tuʾux kaajil j chʾíijech. ▲ ▼
Tu'ux sijnalech. Tu'ux kaajil j ch'íijech.
Tu'ux sijnalech. Tu'ux kàajil j ch'íijech.
4.1 it has for its name... ku kʾaabaʾintik
4.2 Sahcabá Sahcabá
4.3 Huuhí Huuhí
4.4 Campeche Campeche
4.5 Oxkutzcab Oxkutzcab
4.6 Sotuta Sotuta
4.7 Puebla Puebla
4.8 Calkini Calkini
4.9 Ticul Ticul
4 Student In a town called Huuhí. Tiʾ un pʾéel kaaj ku kʾaabaʾintik Huuhí. ▲ ▼
Ti' un p'éel kaaj ku k'aaba'intik Huuhí.
Tí um p'é kàaj ku k'aba'intik ju'uji'.
5.1 your parents a papa
5.2 where does [he] live? tuʾux ku kajtal
5.3 where does [he] live (where is he citied?) tuʾux u kajaʾan
5.4 where do they live tuʾux kajaʾanoʾob
5 José And your parents, where do they live now? Do they live here? Kux túun a papa, tuʾux kajaʾanoʾob beʾooráaʾ. ¿Way ku kajtaloʾobeʾ? ▲ ▼
Kux túun a papa, tu'ux kaja'ano'ob be'ooráa'. ¿Way ku kajtalo'obe'?
Kux túun a papa, tu'ux kaja'ano'ob be'ooráa'. ¿Way k u kajtalo'obe'?
6.1 he lives ku kuxtal
6.2 he is living kuxaʾan
6.3 heʾs dying tun kíimil
6.4 heʾs been dead ten years diez años kíimik
6 Student My father is not living. Heʾs been dead already ten years. In papaeʾ maʾ kuxaʾaniʾ. Tsʾoʾok diez años kíimik. ▲ ▼
In papae' ma' kuxa'ani'. Ts'o'ok diez años kíimik.
Im papaje ma' kuxa'ani'. Ts'o'ok dyes 'anyos kíimik.
7.1 sheʾs a resident of Mérida kajnal Joʾ
7.2 she lives in Mérida kajakbal teʾ Joʾ
7.3 she live there in Mérida tiʾ kajakbal teʾ Joʾeʾ
7 Student But my mother lives there in Mérida. Pero in mamaeʾ tiʾ kajakbal teʾ Joʾeʾ. ▲ ▼
Pero in mamae' ti' kajakbal te' Jo'e'.
Peroj in mamaje tí kajakbal t joe'.
8.1 you learned to read ta kanaj xook
8.2 this way beyaʾ
8 José But where did you learn to read, though? Tuʾux túun ta kanaj xook beyaʾ. ▲ ▼
Tu'ux túun ta kanaj xook beya'.
Tu'ux túun ta kanaj xòok beya'.
9.1 small chichan
9.2 Iʾm small chichanen
9.3 I begin to go ku káajal in bin
9.4 when I began to go ka j káaj in bin
9.5 I [was] small when I began to go chichanen ka j káaj in bin
9.6 [to] school escuela
9 Student Well, I was very small when I began to go to school. Pues, teneʾ jach chichenen ka j káaj in bin escuela. ▲ ▼
Pues, tene' jach chichenen ka'aj j káaj in bin escuela.
Pwes, tene jach chichnen ka j káaj im bin 'eskwèelaj.
10.1 itʾs passed tsʾoʾok
10.2 ten years diez años
10.3 I studied j xooknajen
10.4 ten years Iʾve studied diez años xooknaken
10.5 I havenʾt studied maʾ xooknakeniʾ
10 Student Iʾve studied already for ten years. Tsʾoʾok diez años xooknaken. ▲ ▼
Ts'o'ok diez años xooknaken.
Ts'o'ok dyes anyos xòoknaken.
11.1 how old [are] you? jay pʾéel jaʾab yaan teech
11.2 he delivers ku kʾuub
11.3 he delivers [it] ku kʾubik
11.4 he was delivered j kʾuʾubij
11.5 when you were delivered ka j kʾuʾubech
11.6 studyiing xook
11 José How old were you when you were put in school? Jay pʾéel jaʾab yaan teech ka j kʾuʾubech xook. ▲ ▼
Jay p'éel ja'ab yaan teech ka'aj j k'u'ubech xook.
Jay p'é ja'ab yàan tech ka'aj k'u'ubech xòok.
12.1 I was delivered j kʾuʾuben
12.2 when I first was put in school... ka j kʾuʾuben xook yáaxeʾ
12.3 in the town of Cantamayec tu kaajil Cantamayec
12.4 there is to me seven years yaan teen siete años
12 Student When I was first put in school in the town of Cantamayec, I was seven. Ka j kʾuʾuben xook yáax tu kaajil Cantamayeceʾ, yaan teen siete años. ▲ ▼
Ka'aj j k'u'uben xook yáax ti' u kaajil Cantamayece', yaan teen siete años.
Ka j k'ú'uben xòok yáax tu kàajil káantamayeke', yan ten syèetej 'anyos.
13.1 I was [in]... j yanchajen
13.2 there [in] that school teʾ escuelaoʾ
13 Student Three years I was in that school. Óox pʾéel años yanchajen teʾ escuelaoʾ. ▲ ▼
Óox p'éel años yanchajen te' escuelao'.
Óox p'éel anyos yanchajen té 'eskwèelájo'.
14.1 then entonces
14.2 you learn ka kaambal
14.3 you learned j kaambalnajech
14.4 you walked j xíimbalnajech
14.5 he wrote j tsʾíibnajij
14.6 he explained j tsoolnajij
14.7 he spoke j tʾaanajij
14.8 he paid j boʾolnajij
14.9 he understood j naʾatnajij
14.10 you drank j ukʾulnajech
14 José Then you learned well, didnʾt you? Entonces j kaambalnajech maʾalob, máasimaʾ. ▲ ▼
Entonces j kaambalnajech ma'alob, máasima'.
Entónses j kàambanajech ma'alob, máasima'.
15.1 I learned a bit j kaambalnajen un pʾíit
15.2 although kex
15 Student Well, I learned a bit, but not really well. Pues, j kaambalnajen un pʾíit kex maʾ jach maʾalobiʾ. ▲ ▼
Pues, j kaambalnajen un p'íit kex ma' jach ma'alobi'.
Pwes, j kàambanajen um p'íit kex má jach ma'alobi'.
16.1 teacher profesor
16.2 your first teacher a yáax profesor
16.3 in those years tiʾ le jaʾaboʾoboʾ
16 José What [was] the name of your first teacher in those years? Bix u kʾaabaʾ a yáax profesor tiʾ le jaʾaboʾoboʾ. ▲ ▼
Bix u k'aaba' a yáax profesor ti' le ja'abo'obo'.
Bix u k'àaba' 'a yáax prófesòor tí e ja'abo'obo'.
17.1 Alfonso Alfonso
17.2 Medina Medina
17.3 Martino Martino
17 Student His name [was] Alfonso Medina Mártino--Don Alfonso. U kʾaabaʾeʾ profesor Alfonso Medina Martino--Don Alfonso. ▲ ▼
U k'aaba'e' profesor Alfonso Medina Martino--Don Alfonso.
'U k'àaba'e' prófesòor 'álfonsoj medìinaj mártinoj--don 'álfonsoj.
18.1 it is done ku beetaʾal
18.2 school house u najil xook
18 José What is done in the school house? Baʾax ku beetaʾal tu najil xook. ▲ ▼
Ba'ax ku beeta'al ti' u najil xook.
Ba'ax ku beeta'al tu nail xòok.
19.1 uh...(hesitation form) este
19.2 in school... tu najil xookeʾ
19.3 there is reading ku yúuchul xook
19.4 there is writing ku yúuchul tsʾíib
19 Student Uh... In school, uh, there is reading and there is writing, too. Letiʾ...este...tu najil xookeʾ...este...ku yúuchul xook, bey xan ku yúuchul tsʾíib. ▲ ▼
Leti'...este...ti' u najil xooke'...este...ku yúuchul xook, bey xan ku yúuchul ts'íib.
Leti' 'este'...tu nail xòoke'...'este'...ku yúchul xòok, bey xan ku yúchul ts'íib.
20.1 thatʾs it! letiʾ leloʾ
20.2 how many years did you study? jay pʾéel jaʾab j xooknajech
20.3 how many years have you studied? jay pʾéel jaʾab j xooknakech
20.4 how many years have you learned? jay pʾéel jaʾab j kaambalnakech
20 José Exactly! How many years did you study there in Cantamayec? ¡Letiʾ leloʾ! Jay pʾéel jaʾab j xooknajech teʾ Cantamayecoʾ. ▲ ▼
¡Leti' lelo'! Jay p'éel ja'ab xooknajech te' Cantamayeco'.
¡Letí elo'! Jay p'é ja'ab xòoknajech te' káantamayeko'.
21.1 afterwards ku tsʾoʾokoleʾ
21.2 I leave kin lukʾul
21.3 I take [it] out kin lukʾsik
21.4 I left j lukʾen
21 Student Only three years. Afterwards I left Cantamayec. Chéen óox pʾéel jaʾab. Ku tsʾoʾokoleʾ j lukʾen Cantamayec. ▲ ▼
Chéen óox p'éel ja'ab. Ku ts'o'okole' j luk'en Cantamayec.
Chen óox p'éel ja'ab. Ku ts'o'okole j luk'en káantamayek.
22.1 it terminates ku tsʾoʾokol
22.2 when [it] terminated ka j tsʾoʾokij
22.3 when you left ka j lukʾech
22 José And where did you go when the three years were over and you left Cantamayec. Tuʾux túun j binech ka j tsʾoʾok le óox pʾéel jaʾab ka j lukʾech Cantamayecoʾ. ▲ ▼
Tu'ux túun j binech ka'aj j ts'o'ok le óox p'éel ja'ab ka'aj j luk'ech Cantamayeco'.
Tu'ux túun binech kaj ts'o'ok le 'óox p'éel ja'ab ka j luk'ech kántamayeko'.
23.1 my father saw [it] tu yilaj in taataj
23.2 that... de que
23.3 itʾs going fairly well maʾalob u chan bin
23.4 my studies in xook
23 Student Well, my father saw that my studies were going well... Pues, tu yilaj in taata de que maʾalob u chan bin in xookeʾ… ▲ ▼
Pues, tu yilaj in taata de que ma'alob u chan bin in xooke'…
Pwes, tu yila in tàata de que ma'alob u cham bin in xòoke'…
24.1 and he took me therefore ka tu bisajen túun
24.2 to the town of Kanasin tu kaajil Kanasin
24.3 I begin to go ku joʾopʾol in bin
24.4 I began to go joʾopʾ in bin
24.5 and I began to go to school ka joʾopʾ in bin escuela
24.6 for the second time tu kaʾa téen
24 Student And he took me therefore to the town of Kanasin and I began to go to school again. Ka tu bisajen túun tu kaajil Kanasin ka joʾopʾ in bin escuela tu kaʾa téen. ▲ ▼
Ka'aj tu bisajen túun tu kaajil Kanasin ka'aj jo'op' in bin escuela ti' u ka'a téen.
Ká tu bisajen túun tu kàajil k'anasìin ká jo'ob in bin eskwèelah t u ká'a téen.
25.1 how many years did you spend? jay pʾéel jaʾab ta beetaj
25.2 studying táan a xook
25 José How many years did you spend, then, in Kanasin, studying? Jay pʾéel jaʾab ta beetaj túun Kanasin táan a xook. ▲ ▼
Jay p'éel ja'ab ta beetaj túun Kanasin táan a xook.
Jay p'é ja'ab ta bèetaj túun k'anasìin táan a xòok.
26.1 another three years u láakʾ óox pʾéel jaʾab
26.2 fourth year cuarto año
26.3 fifth year quinto año
26.4 sixth year sexto año
26.5 first year primer año
26.6 second year segundo año
26.7 third year tercer año
26 Student Another three years. I studied the fourth, fifth, and sixth year. U láakʾ óox pʾéel jaʾaboʾob. Tin xokaj cuarto año, quinto año yéetel sexto año. ▲ ▼
U láak' óox p'éel ja'abo'ob. Tin xokaj cuarto año, quinto año yéetel sexto año.
U láak' óox p'é ja'abo'ob. Tin xokaj kwàarto 'anyo, kìinto 'anyo yéete sèeksto 'anyo.
27 José And where did you go when you left Kanasin? Tuʾux túun j binech ka j lukʾech Kanasin. ▲ ▼
Tu'ux túun j binech ka'aj j luk'ech Kanasin.
Tu'ux túun j binech ka j luk'ech k'anasìin.
28.1 I leave... le kin lukʾuleʾ
28.2 and I moved to Mérida ka j máanen t Joʾ
28.3 [when] I left Kanasin I moved to Mérida kin lukʾul Kanasineʾ ka j máanen t Joʾ
28.4 [when] I left Kanasin I saw Juan kin lukʾul Kanasineʾ ka tin wilaj Juan
28 Student When I left Kanasin, I moved to Mérida. Kin lukʾul Kanasineʾ ka j máanen tiʾ Joʾ. ▲ ▼
Kin luk'ul Kanasine' ka'aj j máanen ti' Jo'.
Kin luk'ul k'anasìine ka j máanen t jo'.
29.1 there teʾ
29.2 then túun
29.3 American School Colegio Americano
29 Student Then I studied there in the school named Colegio Americano. Teʾ j xooknajen túun tu najil xook ku kʾaabaʾintik Colegio Americano. ▲ ▼
Te' j xooknajen túun tu najil xook ku k'aaba'intik Colegio Americano.
Té j xòoknajen túun tu nail xòok ku k'aba'intik kolèejyój 'americkàanoj.
30.1 there teʾeloʾ
30.2 secondary secundaria
30.3 preparatory preparatoria
30.4 primary primaria
30 Student There for six years I studied secondary and preparatory. Teʾeloʾ seis jaʾaboʾob, tin xokaj secundaria yéetel preparatoria. ▲ ▼
Te'elo' seis ja'abo'ob, tin xokaj secundaria yéetel preparatoria.
Te'elo' sèeis ja'abo'ob, tin xokaj sékundàaryaj yétel préparatòoryaj.
31.1 after that ku tsʾoʾokol leloʾ
31.2 I leave kin pʾaat
31.3 and I left [it] ka tin pʾataj
31.4 and I left my studies ka tin pʾataj in xook
31.5 and I ended my studies ka tin xulaj in xook
31 José After that I quit school. Ku tsʾoʾokol leloʾ ka tin pʾataj in xook. ▲ ▼
Ku ts'o'okol lelo' ka'aj tin p'ataj in xook.
Ku ts'o'okol lelo' ká tim p'ata in xòok.
32.1 he ends ku xuul
32.2 you ended [it] ta xulaj
32.3 you ceased going ta xulaj a bin
32 José And why did you quit going to school? Baʾaxten túun ta xulaj a bin escuela. ▲ ▼
Ba'axten túun ta xulaj a bin escuela.
Ba'axten túun ta xulaj a bin eskwèelaj.
33.1 I paid j boʾolnajen
33.2 it is paid ku boʾotaʾal
33.3 for it to be supported u tiʾal u boʾotaʾal
33.4 learning kaambal
33 Student Because there was no money to support my learning. Pues tumen minaʾan taakʾin u tiʾaʾal u boʾotaʾal in kaambal. ▲ ▼
Pues tumen mina'an taak'in u ti'a'al u bo'ota'al in kaambal.
Pwes tumen mina'an tàak'in u tí'al u bo'otal in kàambal.
34.1 therefore... le oʾolaleʾ
34.2 I had to seek [it] yanchaj in kaxantik
34.3 job chamba
34 Student Therefore I had to look for a job. Le beetik yanjij in kaxantik un pʾéel chamba. ▲ ▼
Le beetik yanjij in kaxantik un p'éel chamba.
Le bèetik yanjí in kaxantik um p'é chàambaj.
35.1 I worked j meyajnajen
35.2 I teach kin kaʾansaj
35.3 teacher aj kaambesaj
35.4 as [a] teacher aj kaambesajil
35.5 I worked as a teacher j meyajnajen aj kaambesajil
35.6 there in a (the) town of Valladolid teʾ tu kaajil Sakiʾoʾ
35 Student One year I worked as a teacher there in the town of Valladolid. Un pʾéel jaʾab j meyajnajen aj kaambesajil teʾ tu kaajil Sakiʾoʾ. ▲ ▼
Un p'éel ja'ab j meyajnaken aj kaambesajil te' ti' u kaajil Saki'o'.
Um p'é ja'ab j meyajnajen aj kàambesajil té tu kàaji sakío'.
36.1 after you worked... ku tsʾoʾokol a meyajeʾ
36.2 after you worked as a teacher... ku tsʾoʾokol a meyaj aj kaambesajileʾ
36 José After you worked a year as a teacher, what did you do then? Ku tsʾoʾokol a meyaj un pʾéel jaʾab aj kaambesajileʾ, baʾax túun ta beetaj. ▲ ▼
Ku ts'o'okol a meyaj un p'éel ja'ab aj kaambesajile', ba'ax túun ta beetaj.
Ku ts'o'okol a meyaj um p'é ja'ab aj kàambesajile', ba'ax túun ta bèetaj.
37.1 I return again kin kaʾa suut
37.2 I returned again here to Mérida j kaʾa suunajen way Joʾeʾ
37.3 I havenʾt returned maʾ suunakeniʾ
37.4 I havenʾt come maʾ talakeniʾ
37.5 I havenʾt brought maʾ in taasiʾ
37 Student I returned again here to Mérida a second time. Kaʾa j suunajen way Joʾ tu kaʾa teneʾ ▲ ▼
Ka'a suu[t]najen way Jo' ti' u ka'a téene'.
Ká'a sùunajen way Jo' tu ká'a tene'.
38.1 itʾs two years yan kaʾaʾ pʾéel años
38.2 I havenʾt worked maʾ meyajnakeniʾ
38.3 I havenʾt worked for you maʾ in meyajtechiʾ
38.4 Iʾve worked [for] two years yaan kaʾa pʾéel años meyajnaken
38.5 Iʾve not worked [for] two years yaan kaʾa pʾéel años maʾ meyajnakeniʾ
38.6 Iʾve walked (been walking) [for] two days yaan kaʾa pʾéel kʾiin xíimbalnaken
38.7 Iʾve written (been writing) [for] two hours yaan kaʾa pʾéel hora tsʾíibnaken
38 Student Iʾve worked here for two years. Yaan kaʾa pʾéel años meyajnaken wayeʾ. ▲ ▼
Yaan ka'a p'éel años meyajnaken waye'.
Yan ká'a p'é 'anyos meyajnaken waye'.